Multidisciplinary strategies to enhance therapeutic effects of flavonoids from Epimedii Folium:Integration of herbal medicine,enzyme engineering,and nanotechnology / 药物分析学报

Flavonoids such as baohuoside I and icaritin are the major active compounds in Epimedii Folium(EF)and possess excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases.Encouragingly,in 2022,icaritin soft capsules were approved to reach the market for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)of China.Moreover,recent studies demonstrate that icaritin can serve as immune-modulating agent to exert anti-tumor effects.Nonetheless,both production effi-ciency and clinical applications of epimedium flavonoids have been restrained because of their low content,poor bioavailability,and unfavorable in vivo delivery efficiency.Recently,various strategies,including enzyme engineering and nanotechnology,have been developed to increase productivity and activity,improve delivery efficiency,and enhance therapeutic effects of epimedium flavonoids.In this review,the structure-activity relationship of epimedium flavonoids is described.Then,enzymatic en-gineering strategies for increasing the productivity of highly active baohuoside I and icaritin are dis-cussed.The nanomedicines for overcoming in vivo delivery barriers and improving therapeutic effects of various diseases are summarized.Finally,the challenges and an outlook on clinical translation of epi-medium flavonoids are proposed.

Relationship between the expression of peripheral blood stimulating molecules CD80, CD86 and the therapeutic effects of children with severe hand, foot, and mouth dise / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To observe the expression of peripheral blood stimulating molecules CD80 and CD86 in children with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and to analyze the relationship between them and the therapeutic effects of children. Methods　The clinical data of 252 children with severe HFMD treated in Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2017 to March 2021 were collected retrospectively. All children were treated with standardized treatment and the therapeutic effects was evaluated. The baseline data and laboratory test results of children were recorded, and the positive rates of CD80 and CD86 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the above indexes and the therapeutic effects of children. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the value of the above indicators in predicting the therapeutic effects of children. Results　After standardized treatment, 48 children were ineffective, and 204 children were effective; the levels of serum CD80 [(2.28±0.84)% vs (2.12±0.33 )%] and CD86 [(3.35±0.96)% vs (2.23±0.41)%] in children were significantly lower than those at admission (t=2.851, 16.991; P<0.05). The levels of blood lactic acid, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), CD80 and CD86 at admission in the ineffective group were significantly higher than those of the effective group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the overexpression of serum CRP (OR=10.929), MMP-9 (OR=1.926), CD80 (OR=3.943) and CD86 (OR=1.947) at admission might be the risk factors of ineffective (all P<0.05). The results of the goodness of fit test for the model showed that, the goodness of fit was high (χ2=6.245, P=0.620); the model collinearity results showed that the variance inflation factors (VIF) values of each variable were <2, and there was no collinearity among the main indicators; the results of the individual independence test for the model showed that Durbin-Watson statistics (D-W)=0.279 and there was poor mutual independence among main indicators. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC) of serum CD80 at admission in predicting the therapeutic effects of children was 0.762, the cut-off value was 2.390%, and the specificity, sensitivity and Youden index were 0.598, 0792 and 0.390 respectively; the AUC predicted by CD86 was 0.739, the cut-off value was 3.280%, and the specificity, sensitivity and Youden index were 0.510, 0.896 and 0.406 respectively; the AUC by combined prediction was 0.823, and the specificity, sensitivity and Youden index were 0.696, 0.833 and 0.529 respectively. Conclusions　Peripheral blood stimulating molecules CD80 and CD86 are involved in the progression of HFMD. Their overexpression may suggest a high risk of treatment ineffectiveness in children with severe HFMD. Early dynamic monitoring of the expression of serum CD80 and CD86 has a certain predictive value for the therapeutic effect of children.

Gold nanoparticles as a promising treatment for diabetes and its complications: Current and future potentials

Diabetes and its complications represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. This review is aimed to find the potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to act as therapeutic agents for diabetes and its complications. Here, we outline the literature related to the self-therapeutic effects of AuNPs. The first goal of this review is to highlight and summarize some of the existing studies (10 years ago) in terms of several parameters such as the size of AuNPs, dose, administration route, experimental model, experimental analysis, and findings. The second goal is to describe the self-therapeutic effects of AuNPs against the pathogenesis determinants of diabetic complications. AuNPs have been found to have inhibitory effects on transforming growth factor-ß, antiglycation, antiangiogenic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. AuNPs treatment effectively disrupts multiple pathogenesis determinants in an animal model of diabetes and diabetic complications. The present review provides insight into the potential applications of AuNPs, which may help reduce the incidence of diabetes and its complications

Research progress on action and new dosage form oftanshinone IIA inliver diseases / 中国药理学通报

Liver diseases is one of serious public health problems due to their high global prevalence and poor long-term clinical outcomes. As a main active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tanshinone II A (Tan IIA) has been widely studied because of its various biological activities. Many experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that Tan IIA can prevent and slow down the progression of various diseases through anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-angiogenesis and other ways. Moreover, it can treat a variety of diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver diseases, cancerand neurodegenerative diseases. However, Tan IIA is a highly hydrophobic compound with the disadvantages of poor oral absorption and bioavailability. To improve the current applications of Tan IIA, it is necessary to prepare new drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, solid dispersions. In this article, an overview of Tan H A will be given with emphasis on the therapeutic activity and newly prepared dosage forms in liver diseases, including inflammation-related liver damage, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review may provide theoretical clues for clinical therapeutic applications of Tan IIA in liver diseases.

Effects of DRD2 and 5-HTR2A gene polymorphisms and their interaction on olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the association of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HTR2A) gene polymorphisms and their interactions with efficacy of olanzapine in treatment of schizophrenic patients. METHODS: A total of 147 schizophrenic patients who treated with olanzapine alone were recruited. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of drugs. According to PANSS reduction rate ≥50% and <50%, patients were divided into the effective group and the ineffective group. The gene polymorphisms of DRD2 (rs1799978, rs1800497) and 5-HTR2A (rs6311, rs6313) were detected by improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between genotypes and olanzapine efficacy, and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze gene-gene interactions. RESULTS: There were significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs1799978 and rs6313 between the effective group and the ineffective group (P<0.05), while there was no difference in genotype and allele frequencies of rs1800497 and rs6311 (P<0.05). Patients with GA and GG of rs1799978 locus were more effective than those with wild type AA when treated with olanzapine, and the ORs (95%CI) were 5.101 (1.118-23.267) and 6.051 (2.454-14.925), respectively. Patients with CT and CC of rs6313 locus were more effective than those with wild type TT when treated with olanzapine, and the ORs (95%CI) were 2.623 (1.054-6.528) and 3.412 (1.180-9.869), respectively. There was a interaction between the gene polymorphisms of rs1799978, rs1800497 and rs6313. The interaction model was the optimal gene-gene interaction model (P<0.05) with the verify sample accuracy rate of 0.727 3 and a cross-validation consistency of 10/10. CONCLUSION: The gene polymorphisms of DRD2 (rs1799978) and 5-HTR2A (rs6313) may be associated with efficacy of olanzapine in treatment of schizophrenic patients, and there is a interaction between DRD2 (rs1799978, rs1800497) and 5-HTR2A (rs6313) on the efficacy of olanzapine.

Tres críticas sobre el psicoanálisis / Three critics about psychoanalysis

Resumen Desde diversos escenarios han aparecido algunas críticas al psicoanálisis, en tanto dispositivo clínico, desde hace muchos años. Estas diatribas, que se plantean desde lugares comunes, como, por ejemplo, la salud mental, las diferentes formas de concepción del psiquismo, los círculos académicos, los ámbitos universitarios, las instancias de investigación o la ciencia, diversos medios de comunicación e, inclusive, la opinión popular (doxa), podrían resumirse concretamente en tres: ¿para qué es necesario un psicoanálisis si es "largo", "costoso" y "no es efectivo"? Sin embargo, ¿son verosímiles estas críticas? O, por el contrario, ¿aparecen como mitos no comprobados sobre el psicoanálisis y su forma de operar? A fin de proporcionar una respuesta plausible en primera instancia, los aportes de Sigmund Freud y Jacques Lacan, así como de algunos autores contemporáneos, permitirán dilucidar las problemáticas que se erigen en torno a la duración que puede llegar a tener un psicoanálisis, qué estatuto tiene el dinero en el dispositivo analítico y cómo puede entenderse el término de efectos terapéuticos; en segundo lugar, las cuestiones aquí planteadas se someten a reflexión en el marco de algunos momentos históricos específicos, como lo son la primacía actual del discurso capitalista y el advenimiento de las sociedades democráticas.

Abstract From various scenarios have appeared some criticisms of psychoanalysis, as a clinical device, for many years. These diatribes, which pose from common places such as mental health, different forms of conception of the psychism, academic circles, university areas, research or science, various media and even popular opinion (doxa), they could be summarized concretely in three: why is a psychoanalysis necessary if it is long, expensive and not effective? But are these criticisms credible? Or, on the contrary, do they appear as un-proven myths about psychoanalysis and its way of operating? To give a plausible answer, in the first instance, the contributions of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, as well as of some contemporary authors, will make it possible to elucidate the problems that arise around the duration that a psychoanalysis can have, what status have the money in the analytical device and how the term of therapeutic effects can be understood; Secondly, the issues raised here are reflected in the context of some specific historical moments, such as the current primacy of capitalist discourse and the advent of democratic societies.

Psicoterapia con perspectiva de género: Indagando posibilidades dentro del psicoanálisis contemporâneo / Psicoterapia com perspectiva de gênero: Indagando possibilidades dentro da psicanálise contemporânea / Gender perspective in psychotherapy: Exploring possibilities within contemporary psychoanalysis

Resumen Se analizan las aportaciones de distintas autoras feministas/psicoanalistas con el fin de sustentar que la perspectiva de género aplicada a un proceso psicoterapéutico de orientación psicoanalítica no sólo es viable, sino deseable. La intención es no sólo aplicarla a sujetos que manifiesten algún conflicto con su identidad de género, su orientación sexual, su expresión de género o algún otro aspecto relacionado con el ejercicio de su sexualidad, sino demostrar que dicha perspectiva puede aplicarse a los procesos psicoterapéuticos de todo sujeto, ya que se considera que ejerce efectos terapéuticos y que fortalece el proceso mismo. La elección de autoras del continente americano, latinoamericanas en su mayoría, permite hacer un ejercicio de revisión del psicoanálisis contemporáneo, de forma contextualizada, y reconoce el vínculo imperdible entre psicoanálisis y estudios de género.

Resumo Diferentes aportes de autoras feministas/psicanalistas são analisados com o fim de sustentar que a perspectiva de gênero aplicada num processo de psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica é não só viável, como desejável. A intenção é não aplica-la somente a sujeitos que possam manifestar algum conflito com sua identidade de gênero, sua orientação sexual, sua expressão de gênero ou algum outro aspecto relacionado com o exercício da sua sexualidade, mas demostrar que tal perspectiva pode se aplicar a todos os processos psicoterapêuticos, já que ditos processos exercem efeitos terapêuticos e, mais ainda, fortalecem o processo em si mesmo. A eleição das autoras do continente americano, latino-americanas na sua maioria, permite fazer um exercício de revisão da psicanálise contemporânea, de forma contextualizada, e reconhece o vínculo iniludível entre a psicanálise e os estudos de gênero.

Abstract In this article, the input of several feminist/psychoanalyst authors is analyzed in order to support that gender perspective applied to a therapy process is not only viable, but desirable. It looks into the general application of this perspective and not only to subjects manifesting an open conflict with their gender identity, the expression of their gender or any other aspect related to the exercise of their sexuality. It demonstrates that such an approach can be applied to any psychotherapeutic process, considering that it enforces therapeutic effects and fortifies the process itself. By choosing authors from the American continent, mostly Latin American, this exercise enables a review of contemporary psychoanalysis in the Latin American context and recognizes the unavoidable link between psychoanalysis and gender studies.

Different Branches from the Same Root’: Similarity and Specificity of Five Saponins from Panax Notoginseng in Cardiovascular-Related Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms

Saponins are the major extracts of Panax notoginseng, which is one of the most commonly used herbal medicine in East Asia. Increasing evidences suggest that Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) have various therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. The therapeutic effects of PNS is through the complex combination of saponins. Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rd and Re are the major components of PNS, which have been studiedthoroughly in recent years. In this review the authors summarize and compare the cardiovascular-related effects and mechanisms of these five saponins respectively. Anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis are the most shared functions. But some of the functions are contradictory, such as GRb1 inhibit the endothelial tube formation and angiogenesis, while GRg1 promote the VEGF synthesis and angiogenic tube formation. Even GRg1 itself functions contradictory in angiogenesis. The comprehensive summary of the effects and mechanisms of saponins shed lights on the understanding of the diverse functions PNS exert, and lay groundwork for the development and utilization of saponins in cardiovascular diseases

Four amino acids as serum biomarkers for anti-asthma effects in the ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model treated with extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis / 한국실험동물학회지

The butanol extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis roots fermented with Weissella cibaria (BAW) effectively prevents inflammation and remodeling of airway in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. To characterize biomarkers that can predict the anti-asthmatic effects induced by BAW treatment, we measured the alteration of endogenous metabolites in the serum of OVA-induced asthma mice after administration of low concentration BAW (BAWLo, 250 mg/kg) and high concentration BAW (BAWHi, 500 mg/kg) using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectral data. The number of immune cells and serum concentration of IgE as well as thickness of the respiratory epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway significantly recovered in the OVA+BAW treated group as compared to the OVA+Vehicle treated group. In the metabolic profile analysis, the pattern recognition showed completely separate clustering of serum analysis parameters between the OVA+Vehicle and OVA+BAW treated groups. Of the total endogenous metabolites, 19 metabolites were upregulated or downregulated in the OVA+Vehicle treated group as compared to the Control treated group. However, only 4 amino acids (alanine, glycine, methionine and tryptophan) were significantly recovered after BAWLo and BAWHi treatment. This study provides the first results pertaining to metabolic changes in the asthma model mice treated with OVA+BAW. Additionally, these findings show that 4 metabolites can be used as one of biomarkers to predict the anti-asthmatic effects.

Comparisons of levator shortening and frontal myofascial suspension for treating the moderate and severe congenital ptosis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the effects and complications of levator shortening(LS)and frontalis myofascial suspension(FMFS)for the moderate and severe congenital ptosis.<p>METHODS: Totally 145 cases(188 eyes)with moderate and severe congenital ptosis were analysed retrospectively, hospitalized from January 2014 to December 2017. The clinical effect of both LS group(55 cases 71 eyes)and FMFS group(90 cases 117 eyes)were compared, and the complications of the two groups were observed.<p>RESULTS: The satisfaction rate, basic satisfactory rate and unsatisfactory rate of the two groups were no significant differences(<i>U</i>=-1.415, <i>P</i>=0.147)at postoperative 12mo. But in three different age groups analysis(<5, 5-10 and >10 years old group), FMFS group had the higher satisfactory rate(32.0% <i>vs</i> 8.7%)in <5 years old group(<i>U</i>=-2.244, <i>P</i>=0.025). Eleven eyes of 11 cases with conjunctival prolapsed only occurred in the LS group, 4 eyes of 4 cases with eyelid hematoma only occurred in the FMFS group. However, exposure keratitis, eyelid trichiasis, eyelid contour deformity and blepharoplasty separation occurred in both groups.<p>CONCLUSION: Both surgery methods have the good treatment effects on the moderate and severe congenital ptosis. FMFS has the higher satisfaction rate and the lower unsatisfactory rate in the infant <5 years old.

Therapeutic effects of dendrobium officinale extract on ulcerative colitis model of BALB/c mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To explore the therapeutic effects of Dendrobium officinale extract on mice with ulcerative colitis(UC) and its mechanism. Methods: The mice were treated with 4% DSS to induce the UC model. The signs or symptom changes of mice were observed and recorded. Then the scores of disease activity index (DAI) during the days of modeling and drug treatment were also evaluated, and the colon tissues were taken as samples. The samples were used for general and microscopic evaluation, the expression of MPO was detected by Western blot, and the expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA were measured by qPCR. Meanwhile, the concentrations of serum IFN-γ, TNF-α in mice were also determined by ELISA. Results: As compared with model group, the colon length of mice treated with Dendrobium officinale extract was longer. The DAI score, histological damage score were reduced (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01); the concentrations of IFN-7 and TNF-α inflammatory cytokines in serum decreased (P < 0. 05); the expressions of IFN-γ mRNA and MPO protein in the colon tissue significantly decreased compared with model group (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Dendrobium officinale extract could treat DSS-induced UC of BALB/c mice. The anti-UC mechanism of Dendrobium officinale extract can be attributed to its ability to reduce the release of IFN-γ and TNF-α and downregulate the expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α and MPO, to block the amplification effect of inflammation and to achieve its therapeutic effects.

Correlation between nephropathy score and hormone threapy in minimal change disease / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To observe the clinical characteristics, expression of C4d and the morphology of podocyte lesions in steroid-sensitive minimal change disease (SS-MCD) ,steroidresistant minimal change disease (SR-MCD) and early focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (E-FSGS) ,as well as to analyze their differences among the three groups,and provide a novel method for effective evaluation the therapeutic effects of steroid and diagnosis of SR-MCD. Methods To study the clinical data from 24 cases of SS-MCD,30 cases of SR-MCD and 25 cases of E-FSGS as control,and all the biopsies were examined by light microscopy,immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile,the clinical characteristics,the morphology of podocyte lesion and the expression of C4d were observed. Results The average score of podocyte lesion of SR-MCD was higher than that of SS-MCD,but lower than that of E-FSGS (P< 0. 05) . C4d positive average score of SS-MCD was lower than that of both SR-MCD and E-FSGS (P < 0. 05) ,but there was no significant difference between SR-MCD and E-FSGS (P > 0. 05) . The sum of the average score of podocyte lesion and C4d positive average score of SS-MCD was lower than that of SRMCD and E-FSGS (P < 0. 01) ,however,there was also no significant difference between SR-MCD and E-FSGS(P > 0. 05) . The scores of IgM,C3d and C1q were not significantly different among the three groups. The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) of the C4d positive score,podocyte lesion score and the sum of the two were 0. 753,0. 658 and 0. 803,respectively, and there was no significant difference between them and the optimal cutoff values were 3,1. 5,and 4. 5 points,respectively. Conclusions The C4d positive score,podocyte lesion score and the sum of the two scores of MCD (the last one is named for MCD nephropathy score in our study) can be used for evaluating the therapeutic effects of steroid and identification of SR-MCD,most especially MCD nephropathy score. The optimal cut-off values of the three kinds of scores are 3,1. 5,and 4. 5 points,respectively. When the values are exceeded,the clinicians should be reminded to follow-up and take appropriate treatment measures to patients.

Analysis on the dominant diseases treated with spreading moxibustion therapy based on randomized controlled trials / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the indications and dominant diseases of the spreading moxibustion therapy.@*METHODS@#By retrieving 7 databases of both Chinese and English version, such as CNKI, WANFANG, VIP and PubMed, the eligible articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) treated with spreading moxibustion therapy were collected. The number of annual publications, the number of each disease system, the indications and dominant diseases involved in the related articles were analyzed statistically, as well as the number of cases and the corresponding clinical effective rates.@*RESULTS@#A total of 182 articles were included, including 40 indications for the spreading moxibustion and covering 9 major disease systems. Specially, the indications in the motor system were maximal in number, accounting for 17.50% (7/40) of the total number of indications. The number of indications in the digestive system was on the second top, accounting for 15.00% (6/40). The dominant diseases were mainly distributed in motor system, respiratory system, nervous system and gynecological system. There were 3 dominant diseases in motor system, i.e. ankylosing spondylitis, back pain and rheumatoid arthritis; 1 dominant disease, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the respiratory system, 1 dominant disease, i.e. primary dysmenorrheal in the gynecological system and 1 dominant disease, i.e. post-stroke paralysis in the nervous system.@*CONCLUSION@#At present, the indications of the spreading moxibustion therapy are widely distributed and the dominant diseases are concentrated, representatively by ankylosing spondylitis. But, the indications and the dominant diseases of spreading moxibustion are changeable dynamically and the disease spectrum of spreading moxibustion needs to be further explored.

Association of AKT1 gene polymorphisms with therapeutic effects of 8-week treatment with risperidone / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the association of AKT1 gene polymorphism with risperidone in the treatment of first-episode and untreated schizophrenia for 8 weeks.Methods:A total of 150 patients with Chinese schizophrenia who met DSM-Ⅳ,including 128 cases of risperidone (treatment dose 4-6 mg/d) for 8 weeks were treated with risperidone (treatment dose 4-6 mg/d).The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) reduction rate was used to evaluate the curative effect of drugs after 8 weeks.Using DNA sequencing,four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci (rs1130214,rs10149779,rs1130233,rs2494732) genotype were detected in 128 Han patients with schizophrenia,and quantitative trait locus analysis (QTL) was used to explore the association between AKT1 gene polymorphisms and the efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia.Results:AKT1 gene rs1130233 (G ＞ A) and rs2494732(C ＞ T) were significantly associated with the increase in PANSS after 8-week risperidone treatment of schizophrenia (P ＜ 0.05).After repeated testing Bonferroni correction was still statistically significant.The correlation between rs1130214and rs10149779 in this sample was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).Conclusion:This study suggests that polymorphisms of the AKT1 gene may be associated with the efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population and is expected to provide a basis for the prediction of individual drug efficacy.

Clinical study of neurotropin combined with methylcobalamin for the treatment of residual neurological symptoms after degenerative lumbar disease surgery / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of neurotropin (NTP) combined with methylcobalamin for the treatment of residual neurological symptoms after surgery for degenerative lumbar disease (DLD).Methods A total of 96 cases with residual neurological symptoms after surgery for DLD from Jan.,2012 to Jun.,2015 were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups,32 cases in each group.The patients in group A were treated with methylcobalamin,the patients in group B were treated with NTP,and the patients in group C were treated with NTP + methylcobalamin.All the patients were treated for 2 weeks.The visual analogue scale (VAS) and oswestry disability index (ODI) were observed and documented at the beginning of the treatment,14 days,3 months,6 months and 12 months after the treatment,respectively.Results The VAS and ODI scores at 14 days,3 months,6 months and 12 months after the treatment in each group decreased obviously comparing with the scores before the treatment (P＜0.05).At each time point the VAS and ODI scores in group C＜group B＜group A (P＜0.05).The excellent rate at each time point in group C＞group B＞group A (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions NTP is effective in the treatment of residual neurological symptoms and its therapeutic effects is better than methylcobalamin.The combined application of NTP and methylcobalamin is superior to the single application of NTP or methylcobalamin for the treatment of residual neurological symptoms after surgery for degenerative lumbar diseases.

An Analysis of the Classification and Therapeutic Effects of Hepatitis C Patients in Shaanxi / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To study the genotypes of hepatitis C patients in three large hospitals in Shanxi Province, and to analyze the results of the classification. Methods Genotypes and related disease markers of253 cases of hepatitis C positive patients in a total of 437 cases were analyzed.Results There was a significant difference in the I content of each type of bile acid receptor and HCV gene content among all HCV Classification patients (P＜0.05) while there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effects of pegylated interferon and Galebavirin in different subtypes of HCV (P＞0.05). Conclusions Hepatitis C patients in Shanxi province are mainly type Ib and type II A, and there are significant differences in each type of gene content (P＜0.05). The content of I of bile acid receptor is of great significance in the judgement and treatment of the disease.Type 3 b, type 3 a and type 6 a have higher cure rates and better recovery rates, while type1 b, type 1 a and type 2 a have lower cure rates and recovery rates.The use of oral drugs makes hepatitis C treatment better.

Therapeutic properties of cannabinoid drugs and marijuana in several disorders: A narrative review / Propiedades terapeúticas de los fármacos cannabinoides y de la marihuana en distintas patologías: Revisión narrativa

Abstract Background Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and other effects have been attributed to cannabis, and so it has been widely used to treat several diseases. Objective To assess the use and therapeutic effects of cannabinoid drugs and the cannabis plant in several diseases. Method We carried out a narrative review of the literature that has reported the use of the cannabis plant (marijuana) and cannabinoid drugs (nabilone, cannabinol and dronabinol, among others). We conducted a search in Medline, Cochrane, SciELO and other web sites. Clinical, controlled, double-blind and randomized studies were included. The route of administration and the cannabinoid drugs used were assessed too. Results Thirty-four studies were included. Nabilone was the cannabinoid drug more commonly used (12 studies), followed by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (11 studies). It was also found that the marijuana plant and cannabinoid drugs were used to treat many symptoms or diseases. Two studies were reported for Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Discussion and conclusion Many scientific studies on the marijuana plant and cannabinoid drugs conclude that these are not as effective as conventional medications and thus their benefits should be taken with caution.

Resumen Antecedentes A la planta de cannabis y a los fármacos cannabinoides se les han atribuido efectos antiinflamatorios, analgésicos y anticonvulsivantes, entre otros, y por ello se han utilizado para tratar diversas patologías. Objetivo Evaluar el uso y los efectos terapéuticos de la planta de cannabis y los fármacos cannabinoides en diversas enfermedades. Método Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo mediante la revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre el uso de la planta de cannabis (mariguana) y los fármacos cannabinoides (nabilona, cannabinol y dronabinol, entre otros) en los buscadores Medline, Cochrane, SciELO y otros. Se incluyeron sólo los estudios clínicos, controlados, doble ciego y aleatorizados, así como la vía de administración y el fármaco cannabinoide utilizado. Resultados Treinta y cuatro estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La nabilona fue el fármaco más empleado (12 estudios), seguida del delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) (11 estudios). Tanto la planta como los fármacos cannabinoides se utilizaron para tratar diversos síntomas o enfermedades. Dos estudios reportaron su uso para el síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. Discusión y conclusión La mayoría de los estudios revisados indican que la efectividad de la planta de mariguana o de los fármacos cannabinoides no es superior a la de los fármacos convencionales y que sus beneficios deben tomarse con cautela.

Influence of CD96 and CD71 expressions in surface of leukemia stem cells in therapeutic effects and prognosis of children with acute leukemia / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To observe the influence of the CD96 and CD71 expressions in the surface of leukemia stem cells (LSC) in the therapeutic effects and prognosis of the children with acute leukemia,and to clarify the relationships between the molecular biological characteristics of LSC in the children with leukemia and their therapeutic effects and prognosis.Methods:Eighty children with acute leukemia were selected as the subjects.Among them, 39 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 41 cases were acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The CD96 and CD71 expressions on the surface of LSC were detected with flow cytometry;the therapeutic effects of the first cycle chemotherapy, the survival rate of 5-year, the incidence of infection after chemotherapy, the recurrence rate after chemotherapy, and the incidence of extramedullary infiltration of the children were observed and compared.Results: The CD96 expression on the surface of LSC was positive in 38 cases (47.5%) and the CD71 expression on the surface of LSC was positive in 45 cases (56.3%);the difference of positive expression rates of CD96 and CD71 was not significant (χ2=1.227, P=0.268).The positive expression rates of CD96 and CD71 on the surface of LSC of the children with AML were significantly higher than those in the children with ALL, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=22.225, χ2=34.028, P<0.01).The distribution of therapeutic effects and the clinical efficiency of the first cycle chemotherap, in the children with negative CD96 expression on the surface of LSC were superior to those with positive CD96 expression on the surface of LSC;the distribution of therapeutic effects and the clinical efficiency of the first cycle chemotherapy in the children with negative CD71 expression on the surface of LSC were superior than those with positive CD71 expression on the surface of LSC;the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=11.323, χ2=16.589, P<0.05;U=2.939, U=2.291, P<0.05).The survival rate of 5-year in the children with negative CD96 expression on the surface of LSC was higher than those with positive CD96 expression;the incidence of infection after chemotherapy,the recurrence rate after chemotherapy and the incidence of extramedullary infiltration were lower than those with positive CD96 expression.The incidence of infection after chemotherapy and the recurrence rate after chemotherapy in the children with negative CD71 expression on the surface of LSC were lower than those with positive CD71 expression,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=5.051,χ2=13.288, P<0.05).Conclusion: The expressions of CD96 and CD71 on the surface of LSC in the children with acute leukemia has relationship with the subtypes of the disease and the therapeutic effects of the first cycle chemotherapy, which can be used as markers for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effects.The expression level of CD96 is related to the prognosis of the patients, which can be used as an indicator for predicting the prognosis of patients.

Efficacy and Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Four Proton-pump Inhibitors in the Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer with Hemorrhage / 中国药师

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effects and pharmacoeconomic results of four proton-pump inhibitors in the duo-denal ulcer patients with hemorrhage. Methods:Using a retrospective analysis, 90 duodenal ulcer patients with hemorrhage were in-volved. According to the proton pump inhibitors, there was no statistic difference among those groups(P>0. 05). The mean time to stop bleading,hemostalsis rate,and the incidance of adverse drug reactions of those four groups,there were no statistic differece too( P>0. 05). The cost of pantprazole group was much lower than the other three groups by cost-minimication analysis. Results:The effective rate of the four groups was 80. 0%, 86. 7%, 90. 0% and 90. 0%, respectively;there was no statistic difference among those groups(P>0. 05). The mean time to stop bleeding, hemostasis rate, and the incidence of adverse drug reactions of those four groups, there were no statistic difference too(P>0. 05). The cost of pantoprazole group was much lower than the other three groups by cost-minimization alanysis. Conclusion:The effect and safety of the four groups were basically equivalent, while the coot of pantoprazole is lowest, it is the best treatment plan by pharmacoeceonomics.

Clinical therapeutic effect on bronchial asthma in children of different body constitutions treated withplaster andplaster / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the difference in the clinical therapeutic effects on bronchial asthma in children of different body constitutions treated withplaster andplaster.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-two children of bronchial asthma were divided into three groups according to TCM body constitutions, 42 cases in thedeficiency constitution group, 40 cases in thedeficiency constitution group and 40 cases in the phlegm damp constitution group. From 2011 to 2013, the acupoint plaster was applied to all of the children in the three groups during the dog days and the third nine-day period after the winter solstice each year. The average attack frequency and onset days of bronchial asthma and relevant immune function indicators were observed during treatment and 1 year after treatment in the children and the therapeutic effects were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>①In 2014, the acute attacks of bronchial asthma were (1.2±0.9) times and (1.4±0.4) times in thedeficiency constitution group and thedeficiency constitution group, all lower than (3.0±0.5) times in the phlegm damp constitution group (both<0.05) separately. ②After treatment, in thedeficiency constitution group anddeficiency constitution group, the values of IgG, IgA and IgM were all increased as compared with those before treatment (all<0.05). ③The total effective rate was over 95% in the children of the three groups. The clinical control rates in thedeficiency constitution group and thedeficiency constitution group were higher apparently than that in the phlegm damp constitution group, indicating the significant difference statistically (both<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The combined treatment ofplaster andplaster are effective on bronchial asthma in the children of different body constitutions. The therapeutic effects for thedeficiency constitution and thedeficiency constitution are more apparent than that for the phlegm damp constitution.</p>